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Preventative Dentistry
Gum Disease
For Americans in their 30s and beyond, the threat of gum disease
(periodontal disease) is a very real and potentially dangerous
condition. By the age of 40, over 70% of the nation's population
has some stage of the disease. Although genetics may play a
small role in its development, doctors agree that gum disease
is directly related to how well one cares for their teeth and
gums. Gum disease is particularly dangerous because the progression
of the disease is often painless and undetected until it creates
serious problems.
The Stages of Gum Disease
Periodontal
disease is a gradual infection of the gums and, eventually,
the underlying bones of the mouth. It is caused
by the build up of plaque on and around the teeth that
eventually calcifies into tartar. This tartar releases bacteria,
which
contains toxins and a sulfur compound that slowly decay
the teeth and gums. In the first stage of gum disease (known
as gingivitis), the bacteria begin to weaken the fibers
that
hold the gums to the teeth. Gingivitis is characterized
by a swelling, inflammation, and bleeding of the gums. In the
advanced stage of gum disease (referred to as periodontitis),
the gum tissues have pulled
away from teeth. The bones below the teeth have usually
become
infected and begun to dissolve. There will be signs of
bone loss and tooth mobility.
The Surgery
Treatments to alleviate the effects of gum disease depend
on the severity of the tooth and gum erosion. The periodontist
begins by removing the diseased tissue, scraping the tartar
and plaque from the tooth's surface and from below the
gumline.
The root of the tooth may need to be planed and smoothed
in order to allow gum tissue to properly heal. If periodontal
pockets (deep spaces between the teeth and gums) have formed,
the doctor places antibiotic fibers to fill in these spaces.
The surgeon may prescribe antibiotics to stem the growth
of the toxin producing bacteria while the gums heal. Once
the periodontal pocket (s) is adequately rebuilt, the surgeon
sutures the gums. In the case of bone decay, the surgeon
may need to rebuild and shape the bone below the teeth.
Prevention
The ravages of gum disease are best prevented by early detection
and proper dental hygiene. Brushing your teeth twice a
day helps to remove the thin layer of bacteria that release
the
dangerous toxins into your mouth. Flossing or other interdental
cleansing is also important to keep your mouth free from
residual food and bacteria. Finally, maintaining a balanced
diet and taking regular trips to the dentist helps stem
the advance of gum disease and keeps you healthy and smiling.
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